{"id":5795,"date":"2025-11-03T13:38:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T12:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iksweb.org\/?p=5795"},"modified":"2025-11-03T13:48:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T12:48:25","slug":"paga-minimale-ne-kosove-drejt-dinjitetit-ne-pune-apo-perballe-realitetit-ekonomik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iksweb.org\/en\/paga-minimale-ne-kosove-drejt-dinjitetit-ne-pune-apo-perballe-realitetit-ekonomik\/","title":{"rendered":"Paga minimale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb: drejt dinjitetit n\u00eb pun\u00eb apo p\u00ebrball\u00eb realitetit ekonomik?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Paga minimale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga instrumentet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb politik\u00ebs sociale dhe ekonomike. Ajo p\u00ebrcakton kufirin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb kompensimit q\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00ebtor mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e tij, duke synuar nj\u00eb jetes\u00eb dinjitoze dhe mbrojtjen nga shfryt\u00ebzimi. N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ku papun\u00ebsia dhe informaliteti jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb larta, paga minimale mbetet m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore sesa thjesht nj\u00eb instrument ekonomik.<\/p>

Koncepti i pag\u00ebs minimale daton q\u00eb nga shekulli XIV, kur n\u00eb Angli, pas murtaj\u00ebs q\u00eb uli ndjesh\u00ebm numrin e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve, u miratua Statuti i Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve nga mbreti Eduard i Tret\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar pagat dhe mbrojtur shtresat e varfra. N\u00eb shekullin XIX, me revolucionin industrial dhe politikat e tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb, pabarazit\u00eb u thelluan, \u00e7ka nxit ekonomist\u00eb si David Ricardo dhe John Stuart Mill t\u00eb argumentonin p\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebn e nj\u00eb page minimale q\u00eb t\u00eb siguronte jetes\u00ebn bazike. Shekulli XX e b\u00ebri pag\u00ebn minimale standard ligjor: Zelanda e Re, Australia dhe m\u00eb pas SHBA e p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb politikat e tyre ekonomike, nd\u00ebrsa presidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt theksoi se \u201casnj\u00eb biznes nuk ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb n\u00ebse i paguan pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt m\u00eb pak se \u00e7\u2019nevojitet p\u00ebr jetes\u00ebn e tyre\u201d.<\/p>

Sot, mbi 90 p\u00ebr qind e vendeve n\u00eb bot\u00eb kan\u00eb paga minimale t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara me ligj. N\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian, 21 nga 27 shtetet an\u00ebtare e kan\u00eb t\u00eb institucionalizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr vitin 2024, paga minimale m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt n\u00eb BE \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb Bullgari me 477 euro, nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb e larta n\u00eb Luksemburg me 2,387 euro. Vendet si Suedia, Finlanda dhe Danimarka nuk kan\u00eb ligje p\u00ebr pag\u00eb minimale, por e p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes marr\u00ebveshjeve kolektive mes sindikatave dhe pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve, duke reflektuar nj\u00eb dialog social t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm.<\/p>

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, paga minimale u vendos p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2011 me dy nivele diskriminuese sipas mosh\u00ebs: 130 dhe 170 euro. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb prill 2022 ajo u rrit n\u00eb 264 euro bruto, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb shtator 2024 u b\u00eb rritja e fundit, duke e unifikuar pag\u00ebn minimale n\u00eb 300 euro bruto p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt, pa dallim moshe apo statusi. Edhe pse ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb hap pozitiv, vlera mbetet shum\u00eb larg kostos reale t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs, e cila sipas Agjencis\u00eb s\u00eb Statistikave t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs (ASK) dhe Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore tejkalon 1,000 euro n\u00eb muaj p\u00ebr nj\u00eb familje mesatare. K\u00ebshtu, paga minimale aktuale mbulon m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn e nevojave bazike p\u00ebr jetes\u00eb n\u00eb vend.<\/p>

Ligji parashikon q\u00eb paga minimale t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet nga K\u00ebshilli Ekonomiko-Social (KES), nj\u00eb trup tripal\u00ebsh me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues nga qeveria, sindikatat dhe pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit. Por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, ky mekaniz\u00ebm ka qen\u00eb jofunksional p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb vjet. Arsyeja q\u00ebndron n\u00eb kufizimin ligjor t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit: sipas Ligjit Nr. 04\/L-008 p\u00ebr K\u00ebshillin Ekonomiko-Social, vet\u00ebm konfederatat sindikale dhe organizatat e pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb s\u00eb paku 10 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve ose pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb an\u00ebtare t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit. N\u00eb nj\u00eb vend ku mbi 95 p\u00ebr qind e bizneseve jan\u00eb t\u00eb vogla dhe t\u00eb mesme, ky kriter praktikisht e p\u00ebrjashton sektorin privat nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi real. Si pasoj\u00eb, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb mungojn\u00eb sindikatat e sektorit privat dhe dialogu social dominohet nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb sektorit publik, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb procesin e vendimmarrjes t\u00eb pjessh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb kufizuar.<\/p>

Raportet e fundit e theksojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb boshll\u00ebk institucional. Sipas Iniciativ\u00ebs Kosovare p\u00ebr Stabilitet (IKS), n\u00eb publikimin \u201cKushtet e Pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Zonat Industriale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb\u201d (2023), n\u00eb shum\u00eb zona industriale dhe n\u00eb sektor\u00eb si gastronomia dhe nd\u00ebrtimtaria, mbi 60 p\u00ebr qind e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve punojn\u00eb pa kontrata t\u00eb rregullta. Po sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb IKS, 56 p\u00ebr qind e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve n\u00eb sektorin privat punojn\u00eb shtat\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb, shpesh me orar t\u00eb zgjatur dhe pa sigurime sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Raporti tjet\u00ebr i IKS \u201cMonitorimi i Zbatimit t\u00eb Ligjit t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb\u201d (2022) tregon se mungesa e inspektimeve dhe kontratat afatshkurtra kan\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb treg pune t\u00eb brisht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb pasigurt.<\/p>

N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn linj\u00eb, Raporti i Organizat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs dhe Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Financave, Pun\u00ebs dhe Transfereve p\u00ebr Tregun e Pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (2023) vler\u00ebson se rreth 33 p\u00ebr qind e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb punojn\u00eb pa kontrata formale. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Inspektorati i Pun\u00ebs ka vet\u00ebm rreth 70 inspektor\u00eb aktiv\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrur afro 300 mij\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin privat. Kjo e b\u00ebn pothuajse t\u00eb pamundur monitorimin efektiv t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb ligjeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe garantimin e pag\u00ebs minimale. N\u00eb raportet e fundit t\u00eb Agjencis\u00eb s\u00eb Statistikave t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs (2024) theksohet se sektor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuar nga informaliteti dhe pagat n\u00ebn minimum jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimtaria, prodhimi dhe tregtia me pakic\u00eb.<\/p>

Debati mbi pag\u00ebn minimale ndan ekonomist\u00ebt. Disa mendojn\u00eb se nj\u00eb rritje e menj\u00ebhershme mund t\u00eb r\u00ebndoj\u00eb bizneset e vogla, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se rritja graduale \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur varf\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur konsumin. Analizat e IKS dhe t\u00eb ekspert\u00ebve t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs sugjerojn\u00eb se nj\u00eb pag\u00eb minimale prej 350\u2013400 euro, e shoq\u00ebruar me politika leht\u00ebsuese fiskale p\u00ebr bizneset, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsonte mir\u00ebqenien pa rritur papun\u00ebsin\u00eb. Sindikatat k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb ajo t\u00eb lidhet me koston reale t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet \u00e7do vit sipas inflacionit, si n\u00eb vendet e BE-s\u00eb.<\/p>

N\u00eb fund, paga minimale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb num\u00ebr. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb tregues i m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si shteti dhe shoq\u00ebria e trajtojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn dhe dinjitetin njer\u00ebzor. Nj\u00eb pag\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mbulon nevojat elementare nuk mund t\u00eb quhet minimale n\u00eb kuptimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. Prandaj, vendosja e nj\u00eb page minimale reale duhet t\u00eb shihet si investim n\u00eb kapitalin njer\u00ebzor dhe n\u00eb stabilitetin e vendit, jo si barr\u00eb p\u00ebr bizneset. Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes dialogut t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb social, inspektimeve t\u00eb rregullta dhe politikave q\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarit e sektorit privat, paga minimale mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet mjet i drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore dhe i zhvillimit ekonomik t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSHKARKO RAPORTING K\u00cbTU<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Paga minimale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga instrumentet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb politik\u00ebs sociale dhe ekonomike. Ajo p\u00ebrcakton kufirin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb kompensimit q\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00ebtor mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e tij, duke synuar nj\u00eb jetes\u00eb dinjitoze dhe mbrojtjen nga shfryt\u00ebzimi. N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ku papun\u00ebsia dhe informaliteti jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb larta, paga minimale mbetet m\u00eb … <\/p>\n

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